Nonsurjective nearisometries of Banach spaces. (Q1868681)

The paper deals with \( \varepsilon\)-nearisometries \(f: X \rightarrow Y\) between Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\). Here \(f\) satisfies \[ \left| \,\| f(x) - f(y) \| - \| x-y\| \,\right| \leq \varepsilon \;\;{\text{ for all }} x,y \in X. \] A famous theorem of Hyers and Ulam states that, if \(X\) and \(Y\) are real Hilbert spaces and \(f: X \rightarrow Y\) is an \( \varepsilon\)-nearisometry with \(f(0)=0\), then there is a bijective linear isometry \(U:X \rightarrow Y\) such that \(\| f(x) - Ux \| \leq 10 \varepsilon\). The authors of the current article improve this estimate and generalize this result to arbitrary Banach spaces in the case that \(f\) is in addition nearsurjective. This means, they find a \( \delta > 0\) such that, for every \(y \in Y\), there is \(x \in X\) with \(\| f(x) - y \| \leq \delta\). The authors show the following generalization of a result of Dilworth: If \(f:X \rightarrow Y\) is a nearsurjective \( \varepsilon\)-nearisometry between arbitrary Banach spaces satisfying \(f(0)=0\), then there is a bijective linear isometry \(U: X \rightarrow Y\) with \(\| f(x)-Ux\| \leq 2 \varepsilon\). The constant \(2\) is the best possible. Similarly, an estimate of Quian for general (not necessarily nearsurjective) \( \varepsilon\)-near\-iso\-metries \(f: X_1 \rightarrow X_2\) between \(L_p\)-spaces \(X_1\), \(X_2\) is improved: If \(f\) satisfies \(f(0)=0\), then there is a continuous linear operator \(T:X_2 \rightarrow X_1\) with \(\| T\| =1\) and \(\| Tf(x)-x\| \leq 2 \varepsilon\) whenever \(x \in X_1\).