Vassiliev invariants of Legendrian, transverse, and framed knots in contact three-manifolds (Q1869153)

A contact structure \(C\) on a three-dimensional manifold \(M\) is a smooth field \(\{C_x\subset T_xM\mid x\in M\}\) of tangent two-dimensional planes, locally defined as a kernel of a differential one-form \(\alpha\) so that \(\alpha \wedge\text{d}\alpha\) is nonvanishing. The pair \((M,C)\) is called a contact manifold. The notions of a (smooth) knot, a singular knot and a framed knot in a contact manifold \(M\) are defined in the same way as in the space \({\mathbb R}^3\). A Legendrian (transverse) knot in a contact manifold \((M,C)\) is a knot in \(M\) which is everywhere tangent (transverse) to \(C\). Let \({\mathcal A}\) be an abelian group. An \({\mathcal A}\)-valued isotopy invariant of framed (resp. Legendrian, transverse) knots is said to be of finite order, or a Vassiliev invariant, if there exists a non-negative integer \(n\) such that for any singular framed (respect. Legendrian, transverse) knot \(K_s\) with \(n+1\) singularities \(v(K_s)=0\). If a contact structure \(C\) on \(M\) is cooriented, then every Legendrian knot has a natural framing. Hence, the question as to whether the Legendrian knots in a cooriented contact three-manifold \((M,C)\) which realize isotopic framed knots can be distinguished by invariants of finite order arises. Similarly, if the contact structure is parallelized, then each transverse knot has a natural framing. The main question is whether the transverse knots in such a contact manifold which realize isotopic framed knots can be distinguished by Vassiliev invariants. In this paper, the author describes a class of contact three-manifolds for which the groups of corresponding \({\mathcal A}\)-valued Vassiliev invariants of framed knots and of Legendrian knots (from the corresponding components of the spaces of Legendrian and framed immersions) are canonically isomorphic. Note that previously the isomorphism of the groups of Vassiliev invariants of Legendrian knots and of framed knots was established only in the case \({\mathcal A}= {\mathbb C}\) by \textit{D. Fuchs} and \textit{S. Tabachnikov} [Topology 36, 1025-1053 (1997; Zbl 0904.57006)], in the standard contact \({\mathbb R}^3\), and by \textit{J. W. Hill} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. I 324, No. 5, 537-542 (1997; Zbl 0881.57003)], in the standard contact solid torus. The author constructs also examples of contact structures on \(S^1\times S^2\) for which there exist Legendrian knots that realize isotopic framed knots and are homotopic as Legendrian immersions but may be distinguished by \({\mathbb Z}\)-valued Vassiliev invariants. The author also studies the case of transverse knots in contact three-manifolds. In particular, the author shows that if \((M,C)\) is a contact manifold with a parallelized contact structure, then the groups of \({\mathcal A}\)-valued Vassiliev invariants of transverse and framed knots (from the corresponding components of the spaces of transverse and of framed immersions) are canonically isomorphic.