Deficits and excesses of frames (Q1869337)

Given a Banach space \(\mathbb B\) and a sequence \({\mathcal F} = \{e_n\} \subset {\mathbb B}\), the \textit{deficit} of \(\mathcal F\) is the least cardinal \(d({\mathcal F})\) such that there exists a subset \({\mathcal G} \subset {\mathbb B}\) of cardinality \(d({\mathcal F})\) such that \({\mathcal F} \cup {\mathcal G}\) is complete in \(\mathbb B\). The \textit{excess} of \(\mathcal F\) is the greatest cardinal \(e({\mathcal F})\) such that there exists a subset \({\mathcal G} \subset {\mathcal F}\) of cardinality \(e({\mathcal F})\) such that \({\mathcal F} \setminus {\mathcal G}\) is complete in \(\overline{\text{ span}} ({\mathcal F})\). The authors show that a complete sequence \(\mathcal F\) in a Banach space \(\mathbb B\), that has an infinite excess, posesses an infinite subsequence \(\mathcal G\) such that \({\mathcal F} \setminus {\mathcal G}\) is complete in \(\mathbb B\). A collection \({\mathcal F} = \{e_n\} \subset {\mathbb H}\) of elements of a Hilbert space \(\mathbb H\) is called a frame if there exist constants \(0 < A \leq B < \infty\) such that for all \(f \in {\mathbb H}\): \(A \|f\|^2 \leq \sum_n |\langle f, e_n \rangle|^2 \leq B \|f\|^2\). A sequence that satisfies only the upper frame condition is called a Bessel sequence. The main part of this paper is devoted to the study of deficits and excesses of frames and Bessel sequences. In particular, the authors characterize those frames for which there exist infinitely many elements that can be removed from the frame and still leave a frame. This characterization is in terms of a condition for inner products of the ``removable'' elements with their standard duals. In the last section, the authors apply their results to the special cases of Gabor systems and wavelets.