Density of states for random band matrices (Q1871687)

The density of states for a class of Hermitian random matrices \(H_{ij}\) whose elements are Gaussian with mean zero and covariance \(\langle H_{ij}H_{kl} \rangle=\delta_{jk} \delta_{il}J_{ij}\), where \(\langle \rangle\) denotes the average with respect to the probability distribution of \(H\), is studied. In the classical case of the Gaussian unitary ensemble the indices \(i,j\) range from \(1\) to \(N\), \(J_{ij}=1/N\) and the density of states is given in the limit \( N \uparrow \infty\) by the Wigner semicircle distribution. In this work, the analysis is concentrated on band random matrices for which the indices \(i,j\) range over a box \(\Lambda \cap \mathbb{Z}^{3}\) and \(J_{ij}\) is small when a distance \(|i-j|\) in \(\mathbb{Z}^{3}\) is larger than some fixed band width \(W\). Using the supersymmetric formalism, this analysis in the box can be extended to \(\mathbb{Z}^{3}\) and it is shown that the averaged density of states of \(H_{ij}\) is smooth in \(E\) and uniform in \(W\) and \(\Lambda\). This density equals to the Wigner semicircle distribution plus corrections of order \(W^{-2}\). These main results hold for large but fixed \(W\) and in the volume as \(\Lambda \uparrow \mathbb{Z}^{3}\).