Adjacency preserving maps on upper triangular matrix algebras (Q1873700)

Two \(m\times n\) (real) matrices \(A\), \(B\) are adjacent if \(\text{rank}(A- B)= 1\). A map \(\phi\) preserves adjacency in both directions if we have \(\phi(A)\) adjacent to \(\phi(B)\) precisely when \(A\) is adjacent to \(B\). The aim of this paper is to describe the set \({\mathcal S}\) of all such maps \(\phi: T_n\to T_n\) where \(T_n\) is the set of all \(n\times n\) upper triangular real matrices. Eight `elementary' types of member of \({\mathcal S}\) are listed, and it is shown that \({\mathcal S}\) is the semigroup generated by the members of all these classes. A consequence is the computation of all continuous adjacency preserving maps on \(T_n\).