Nonharmonic analysis (Q1875010)

The goal of this paper is to give a survey of the art of nonharmonic analysis. Instead of the classical trigonometric system, consider the exponential system \((e^{i\lambda_nt})\), where \((\lambda_n)\) is a sequence of complex numbers with a unique limit point at \(\infty\). Most often, the sequence \((\lambda_n)\) is numbered in nondecreasing order of modules, that is, \(|\lambda_{n+1} | \geq|\lambda|\); in case \((\lambda_n) \subset\mathbb{R}\), the double numbering \((\lambda_n)^\infty_{n=-\infty}, \lambda_{n+1} >\lambda_n\) is more convenient. The paper consists of five parts: 1. Complete exponential systems in \(L^p(a,b)\), 2. Minimal exponential systems in \(L^p\), 3. Unconditional bases of exponentials in the spaces \(L^2\) and \(W^m_2\), 4. Stability of the completeness, minimality, and uniform minimality of the exponential systems, 5. Nonharmonic Fourier series. The References contain 147 items. We warmly recommend this survey paper to everybody who wants to get acquainted with or to make research in this rapidly developing subject of analysis.