Analytic approximations for a singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem with discontinuous data in a half-infinite strip (Q1876563)

Let \(\Omega \) be the half-infinite strip \((x,y) \in (0,\infty )\times (0,1).\) This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the solution u of the following convexion-diffusion problem: \[ -\varepsilon \Delta u +\vec\mathbf v \cdot \nabla u =0\;\text{ in }\;\Omega,\quad u(x,0)=1,\;u(x,1)= u(0,y) =0 \tag{1} \] complemented with the growth condition at infinity \(| \lim_{x \to \infty} u(x,y) | <\infty,\) when \(\varepsilon >0\) tends to zero. Here, \(\vec v = | \;\vec \mathbf v \;| (\sin\beta, \cos\beta)\) is the convection vector with \(0\leq \beta \leq \frac{\pi}{2}.\) The difficulty is the discontinuity in the Dirichlet boundary condition at the origin. Set \(x= r \sin\Phi,\;y= r\cos\Phi),\;0<r<\infty,\;0\leq \Phi \leq \frac{\pi}{2}.\) The authors obtain asymptotic expansions for the solution u of (1), first, far from the origin i.e. when \(\varepsilon \to 0\) and \(r \geq r_o >0,\) and then, near the origin when \(\varepsilon \to 0\) and \(r \to 0 \) faster than \(\varepsilon.\) In both cases, the starting point of their investigations is the following exact representation of the solution u of (1) : \[ u(x,y) = e^{\omega (x\sin\beta + y\cos\beta)}\;\frac{1}{\pi i} \int^{\infty} _{-\infty}\;\frac{te^{ixt}}{t^2+ \omega ^2 \sin^2 \beta} \frac{\sinh((1-y)\sqrt{\omega^2+t^2})}{\sinh\sqrt{\omega^2+t^2}} dt,\tag{2} \] where \(\omega= \frac {| \vec\mathbf v | }{2 \varepsilon }.\) When \(\beta =0\) the above integral must be understood as a Cauchy principal value. Far from the origin, asymptotic expansions are obtained by means of classical manipulations on (2) (changes of variables, application of the Cauchy residue theorem, etc.). In this case, the first order approximation term is a combination of step functions, error functions and exponentials. Near the origin, the distributional method leads to an expansion whose the first order term is \(\frac{2\Phi} {\pi}.\) The distributional method is based on L. Schwartz's tempered distributions and was used, in a previous paper, by the first author [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 31, No. 4, 754--775 (2000; Zbl 0994.33010)], devoted to asymptotic expansions of elliptic integrals when one of their parameters is larger than the others.