Hopf-Takens bifurcations and centres (Q1877847)

The paper is concerned with a local study of \(C^{\infty }\) p-parameter families of planar vector fields of the form \[ X_{\lambda }(x,y)=(d(\lambda )x-y+f(x,y,\lambda ))\frac{\partial }{\partial x}+(x+d(\lambda )y+g(x,y,\lambda ))\frac{\partial }{\partial y}, \tag{1} \] near a nondegenerate elliptic point. This study relies on the notion of the germ of a family. One way to investigate whether the system (1) contains a generic Hopf-Takens bifurcation is to calculate the normal form. Another way is to apply the method of Lyapunov coefficients \(V_{i}(\lambda )\) defined by the formula \(X_{\lambda }F_{\lambda }(x,y)=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty }\) \( V_{i}(\lambda )(x^{2}+y^{2})^{i+1},\) where \(F_{\lambda }\) is a formal power series. The authors pay attention to a relation between normal forms, Lyapunov coefficients and the Bautin ideal, which is used in the study of integrable systems with complicated structure.