A relation for general and inverse semigroups. (Q1878565)

Let \(S\) be a semigroup. A relation \(\mathcal S\) on \(S\) is defined by \(a{\mathcal S}b\) if \(a^2=ab=ba\). The author investigates the characterization of the properties of \(\mathcal S\) (i.e. antisymmetry, transitivity, partial order) by means of semigroups, in particular he studies the relation between a monoid \(T\) and the Bruck semigroup \(S=B(T,\alpha)\) with respect to \(\mathcal S\) and also the relation between the varieties of inverse semigroups with respect to \(\mathcal S\). First, as definition, \(S\) is called `quasi-separative' if \(a^2=ab=ba=b^2\Rightarrow a=b\). The author defines semigroups of type I-IV as follows: A semigroup \(S\) is of type I if it is isomorphic to a semigroup generated by an element \(x\) inflated at \(x\) by \(y\) where \(x\neq y\) and \(S\setminus\{y\}\) is a subsemigroup of \(S\) and \(xs=ys\), \(sx=sy\) for all \(s\in S\). \(S\) is of type II if it is isomorphic to a semigroup generated by \(x\) such that \(x\neq x^2=x^m\) for some \(m>2\). \(S\) is of type III if \(S\) is isomorphic to an infinite cyclic semigroup generated by \(x\) and inflated at \(x\) by \(y\). To define type IV, let \(\Gamma\) be the set of all quintuples \(\{(i,0;0;0;0)\mid i=1,2,\dots\}\), \(\{(0,j;0;0;0)\mid j=1,2,\dots\}\), \(\{(0,0;k;p_1,p_2,\dots,p_n;\ell)\mid k,\ell\in\{0,1\}\), \(p_1,\dots,p_n\) is a finite sequence of positive integers \(n>0\}\), and certain multiplication is defined. Then \(\Gamma\) is a semigroup. A semigroup is of type IV if it is isomorphic to \(\Gamma/\rho\) where \(\rho\) is a congruence such that \((0,0;1;1;0)\rho(0,0;0;1;1)\). Then (1) \(\mathcal S\) is quasi-separative if and only if \(S\) has no semigroups of type I or II, equivalently of type II or III. (2) \(\mathcal S\) is a partial order if and only if \(S\) has no subsemigroup of type II, III, or IV. Let \(S=B(T,\alpha)\) be a Bruck semigroup over a monoid \(T\). An element of \(S\) is expressed by \((m,g,n)\). On the other hand the relation \(\mathcal M\) is defined on \(S\) by \((m,g,n){\mathcal M}(p,h,q)\Leftrightarrow m-n=p-q\), \(p\leq m\), \(g{\mathcal M}h\alpha^{m-p}\). The result (3). Let \(S=B(T,\alpha)\) and let \(\mathcal P\) denote one of the properties; \(\mathcal S\) is antiisomorphic, \(\mathcal S\) is transitive, \(\mathcal S\) is a partial order, \({\mathcal S}\subseteq{\mathcal M}\). Then \(S\) has property \(\mathcal P\) if and only if \(T\) has property \(\mathcal P\). (4) Let \(S\) be an inverse semigroup whose idempotents are linearly ordered. Let \(\mathcal N\) be the natural partial order. Then \({\mathcal S}\subseteq{\mathcal N}\) and \(\mathcal S\) is a partial order. Let \(\mathcal I\), \(\mathcal S\mathcal I\), \(\mathcal{SG}\) denote the varieties of all inverse semigroups, strict inverse semigroups and Clifford semigroups. Let \({\mathcal P}=\{S\in{\mathcal I}\mid{\mathcal N}\subseteq{\mathcal S}\text{ on }S\}\), \({\mathcal Q}=\{S\in{\mathcal I}\mid{\mathcal S}\subseteq{\mathcal N}\text{ on }S\}\), \({\mathcal R}=\{S\in{\mathcal I}\mid{\mathcal S}\text{ is antisymmetric on }S\}\). One of the interesting results is \({\mathcal P}\cap{\mathcal Q}={\mathcal P}\cap{\mathcal R}=\mathcal{SG}\). The reviewer highly recommends this paper.