Inner derivations and homo-derivations on \(l\)-rings (Q1878607)

Recall that, for a ring \(R\), an additive map \(d:R\rightarrow R\) is a derivation on \(R\) if it satisfies the product rule \(d(ab)=d(a)b+ad(b)\); note that, for \(a\in R\), \(d_a :R\rightarrow R\) defined by \(d_a(x) = ax-xa\) is a derivation on \(R\) (called inner derivation). A derivation \(d\) on a lattice-ordered ring (\(l\)-ring) \(R\) is called positive if \(d(x)\geq 0\) for \[ x\in R^+ = \{x\in R| x\geq 0\} . \] We denote \[ \begin{aligned} P_1 &=\{ x\in R^+ | d_a\;\text{is a positive derivation on}\;R \}, \\ P_2 &=\{ x\in R^+ | d_{-a}\;\text{is\;a\;positive\;derivation\;on}\;R \}. \end{aligned} \] The positive derivations on an \(l\)-ring \(R\) which are also homomorphisms are called homo-derivations; if \(d(ab)=d(a)d(b)\) for every \(a,b\in R\), then \(d\) is called anti-homo derivation. One of the main results of this paper is the following: If \(R\) is an \(l\)-ring such that \(P_1\cup P_2=R^+\), then \(R\) is commutative. Also, the authors study homo and anti-homo derivations on quasi-semiprime, semiprime, reduced, \(l\)-prime rings, and \(l\)-rings, and generalize some of the results of \textit{H. E. Bell} and \textit{L. C. Kappe} [Acta Math. Hung. 53, 339--346 (1989; Zbl 0705.16021)] to \(l\)-rings.