Burckhardtian determination of the space groups. I. (Q1879386)

In two papers the author presents the determination of space groups according to the algebraic approach of J. J. Burckhardt, as opposed to the original geometric one of A. M. Schoenflies. In part I, the basic concepts of lattices, orthogonal lattice symmetry, space groups and affine equivalent space groups are introduced [for part II see the following review Zbl 1062.20054]. The language adopted is that of morphisms. The definition of the equivalence classes of crystallographic point groups is given according to the way the above basic concepts are introduced: as conjugated subgroups of the orthogonal group for the geometric crystal classes and derived from the affine equivalence of space groups for the arithmetic classes. Actually, this is not the approach presented by \textit{J. J. Burckhardt} in his book Die Bewegungsgruppen der Kristallographie [Birkhäuser, Basel (1947; Zbl 0037.14903) and (1966; Zbl 0151.46103)], where he starts from point groups given as integral matrix groups: the geometric and arithmetic equivalence follow from conjugation in the general linear group \(\text{Gl}(3,\mathbb{R})\) and in the arithmetic group \(\text{Gl}(3,\mathbb{Z})\) respectively. The geometrical and the algebraic constructions of space groups are outlined and illustrated by few examples.