Toda lattice and toric varieties for real split semisimple Lie algebras. (Q1879981)

Let \(\mathfrak g\) be a real split semisimple Lie algebra of rank \(l\), \(\mathfrak h\) its split Cartan subalgebra, \(\Pi = (\alpha_i)\) a set of simple roots, \((C_{ij})\) the corresponding Cartan matrix, and \(e_{\pm\alpha_i}\) the corresponding root vectors. The authors consider the system of differential equations \(\frac{d^2f_i}{dt^2} = \epsilon_i\exp\left(-\sum_{j=1}^l C_{ij}fj\right),\; i =1,\ldots,l,\; \epsilon_i = \pm 1\), for the real functions \(f_i(t)\). This is the so-called generalized Toda lattice equation [\textit{Y. Kodama} and \textit{J. Ye}, Physica D 91, No. 4, 321--339 (1996; Zbl 0890.58025)], while the original Toda lattice corresponds to the case \(\mathfrak g = \mathfrak{sl}(l+1,\mathbb R),\; \epsilon_i = 1\) for all \(i\). Following [\textit{B. Kostant}, Adv. Math. 34, 195--338 (1979; Zbl 0433.22008)], one associates with this system the submanifold \(Z_{\mathbb R}\) of all \(\mathbb R\)-diagonalizable elements \(X\in\mathfrak g\) of the form \(X = x + \sum_{i=1}^l(b_i e_{-\alpha_i} + e_{\alpha_i})\), where \(x\in\mathfrak h, \; b_i\in\mathbb R\). Let \(I_1,\ldots,I_l\) be independent homogeneous generators of the algebra \(S(\mathfrak g^*)^{\mathfrak g}\). Then \(Z_{\mathbb R}\) is the union of non-empty isospectral manifolds \(Z(\gamma)_{\mathbb R} = \{X\in Z_{\mathbb R}\mid I_i(X) = \gamma_i\},\; \gamma = (\gamma_1,\ldots,\gamma_l)\). The purpose of the paper is the construction of a smooth connected compactification \(\hat Z(\gamma)_{\mathbb R}\) of each \(Z(\gamma)_{\mathbb R}\), which generalizes results of Kostant, 1979, and of \textit{Y. Kodama} and \textit{J. Ye} [Physica D 121, No. 1--2, 89--108 (1998; Zbl 0939.37044)] (in the latter paper the case \(\mathfrak g = \mathfrak{sl}(l+1,\mathbb R)\) has been studied). For this purpose, one defines a real Lie group \(\tilde G\) with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) which contains a Cartan subgroup \(H_{\mathbb R}\) with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak h\) having \(2^l\) connected components. Then one constructs a compact connected completion \(\hat H_{\mathbb R}\) of \(H_{\mathbb R}\) which is a disjoint union of split Cartan subgroups of semisimple factors of all standard parabolic subgroups of \(\tilde G\) determined by \(\Pi\). One concludes with a diffeomorphism defined between \(\hat H_{\mathbb R}\) and the isospectral manifold \(Z(\gamma)_{\mathbb R}\) as identified with a toric variety in the flag manifold \(\tilde G/B\), where \(B\) is the Borel subgroup corresponding to \(\Pi\).