A density result for some imaginary quadratic fields with infinite Hilbert 2-class field towers (Q1880184)

In this paper the author proves that a positive proportion of the imaginary quadratic number fields with \(2\)-class rank equal to \(3\) have \(4\)-class rank equal to zero and infinite Hilbert \(2\)-class field tower. The techniques utilized to establish this result are based upon similar techniques in the author's earlier papers to obtain comparable positive proportion results for imaginary quadratic number fields with \(2\)-class rank equal to \(4\) and \(4\)-class rank equal to \(s\) for \(0\leq s\leq 4\), and \(2\)-class rank equal to \(3\) and \(4\)-class rank equal to \(s\) for \(1\leq s\leq 3\). The current result is stated in terms of a density formula involving a constant multiplied by a factor of \({x(\log\log x)^3\over\log x}\) at \(x\to\infty\) where \((x= \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-m})\) and \(m\leq x\) for a square-free positive integer \(m\) and positive real numbers \(X\).\ This density formula is established through the construction of a degree \(16\) extension of a particular real quadratic number field in which all non-Archimedean primes are unramified, in a similar manner to techniques of Hajir to prove that certain fields have infinite \(2\)-class field tower. Through the use of Legendre and biquadratic residue symbols, splitting of primes, Dirichlet characters, Hecke characters, products of summations of various Dirichlet and Hecke characters, and techniques similar to those of the author's earlier papers, he is able to establish that the number of imaginary quadratic number fields with \(2\)-class rank \(3\) and \(4\)-class rank zero and infinite Hilbert \(z\)-class field tower is greater than or equal to \[ 2^{-13} {x(\log\log x)^3\over 3!\log x}+ O \biggl({x(\log\log x)^3\over\log x}\biggr). \] Utilizing the author's previous result that the number of imaginary quadratic number fields with \(2\)-class rank \(3\) is asymptotic to \({1\over 2}\cdot{1\over 3!} {x(\log\log x)^3\over\log x}\) as \(x\to\infty\), the positive proportion density result is established.