Iwasawa theory of Heegner points on abelian varieties of \(\text{GL}_2\) type (Q1880377)

This paper deals with the Iwasawa theory of abelian varieties of GL\(_2\) type (i.e. abelian varieties with real multiplication defined over totally real fields) which are associated to Hilbert modular forms via a construction of Zhang. More precisely, let \(E\) be a CM field, \(F\) its maximal real subfield, \(\varepsilon\) the quadratic character of \(E/F\), \(N\) an integral ideal of \(F\) which is prime to the discriminant of \(E/F\) and satisfies the so-called ``weak Heegner hypothesis'', namely that \(\varepsilon(N)= (-l)^{g-1}\) where \(g= [F:\mathbb{Q}]\). Given a Hilbert modular eigenform \(\phi\) of parallel weight 2 for \(\Gamma_0(N)\), the recent work of Zhang associates to \(\phi\) an isogeny class of abelian varieties over \(F\) occuring as quotients of the Jacobian of a certain Shimura curve associated to the data \((N, E)\). These abelian varieties have good reduction away from \(N\) and admit real multiplication by the totally real field \(F_\phi\) generated by the Hecke eigenvalues of \(\phi\). Fix one such quotient \(\text{Jac}(X)\to A\) and let \({\mathcal O}\subset F_\phi\) be an order with \({\mathcal O}\hookrightarrow \text{End}_F(A)\). The abelian variety \(A\) comes equipped with a family of Heegner points defined over ring class fields of \(E\). Let \(h[1]\) be the Heegner point of conductor 1, defined over the Hilbert class field \(E[1]\). Modulo certain conditions, one of them being that \(\text{Norm}_{E[1]/E}(h(1))\) has infinite order, the author first shows that, for a prime \({\mathfrak p}\) of \(F_\phi\) above \(p\), the Selmer group \(S_{\mathfrak p}(A/E)\) is free of rank one over the completion \({\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak p}\), that the Shafarevich group \(\text{ Ш}(A/E) [{\mathfrak p}^\infty]\) is finite, and he gives a structure result for \(\text{Sel}_{{\mathfrak p}^\infty}(A/E)\). For a prime \({\mathcal P}\) of \(F\) above \(p\), the compositum of the ring class fields \(E[{\mathcal P}^k]\) contains a unique subfield \(E_\infty/E\) such that \(\Gamma= \text{Gal}(E_\infty/E)\simeq\mathbb{Z}^f_p\), where \(f\) is the residue degree of \({\mathcal P}\). Let \(\Lambda= {\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak p}[[\Gamma]]\) and \(E_k\subset E_\infty\) be the fixed field of \(\Gamma^{p^k}\). Define \(h_k\) to be the norm from \(E[{\mathfrak p}^{k+1}]\) to \(E_k\) of the Heegner point of conductor \({\mathfrak p}^{k+1}\), and let \(H_k\subset S_{\mathfrak p}(A/E_k)\) be the \(\Lambda\)-module generated by all \(h_j\) with \(j\leq k\), \(H_\infty= \varprojlim H_k\). Modulo certain conditions, one of them being that \(h_k\in A(E_k)\) has infinite order for some \(k\), the author then shows that \(H_\infty\) and \(S_{{\mathfrak p},\infty}\) are torsion-free, rank one \(\Lambda\)-modules and that \(X:=\varprojlim\Hom_{{\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak p}}(\text{Sel}_{{\mathfrak p}^\infty}(A/E_k), \text{Frac}({\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak p})/{\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak p})\) has \(\Lambda\)-rank one; he gives a structure result for \(\text{tor}_\Lambda X\) up to pseudo-isomorphism: \(\text{tor}_\Lambda X\sim M\oplus M\oplus M_{\mathfrak p}\), \(M\) being a certain \(\Lambda\)-module whose characteristic ideal divides that of \(S_{{\mathfrak p},\infty}/H_\infty\). This proves ``half'' of a Perrin-Riou-type main conjecture for Heegner points on abelian varieties of GL\(_2\) type.