Planar rooted trees and non-associative exponential series (Q1883383)

Main objects of the paper are ``non-associative words'' in one variable \(x\). They can be formalized in the usual way by the grafting planar rooted trees. Let \(\mathbb{Q}\{\{x\}\}_\infty\) be a ``non-associative'' power series with rational coefficients in a single variables \(x\). Grafting induces \(m\)-ary multiplications, \(m\geq 2\), on \(\mathbb{Q}\{\{x\}\}_\infty\). It is proved, for example, that for any natural number \(k\geq 2\) there is a unique power series \(\exp_k(x)\in \mathbb{Q}\{\{x\}\}_\infty\) such that \((\exp_k(x))^k= \exp_k(kx)\) and \(\exp_k(0)= \exp_k'(0)=1\), where \(\exp_k'(x)\) is the formal derivative with respect to \(x\). Author's hope is that ``as the topic of this paper is in the meeting points of combinatorics of trees and non-associative algebra, one can expect further interesting cross-relations'' like ``Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula'' , ``sine, cosine'' and other classical ``non-associative deformation'' functions, etc.