On the prime radical of a module over a noncommutative ring. (Q1884564)

In this paper all rings are associative with identity and all modules are unital left modules. Let \(M\) be a left \(R\)-module. A proper submodule \(N\) of \(M\) is called prime if, for any \(r\in R\) and \(m\in M\) such that \(rRm\subseteq N\), either \(rM\subseteq N\) or \(m\in N\). The prime radical \(\text{rad\,}M\) of a module \(M\) is defined to be the intersection of all prime submodules of \(M\). This paper is devoted to characterizations of the prime radical of a module over a noncommutative ring. A ring \(R\) is called hereditary if all left and right ideals are projective \(R\)-modules. A ring \(R\) is called Noetherian if \(R\) is left and right Noetherian and \(R\) is called prime if every product of nonzero (two-sided) ideals is nonzero. A ring \(R\) is called an HNP-ring if it is hereditary, Noetherian, prime and not right Artinian. An element \(r_1m_1\) of an \(R\)-module \(M\), where \(r_1\in R\) and \(m_1\in M\), is called strongly nilpotent if every sequence \(r_1m_1,r_2m_1,\dots\) such that \(r_{i+1}m_1\in r_iRr_im_1\) and \(r_{i+1}\in r_iRr_i\), \(i=1,2,\dots\) is ultimately zero. Let \(W(M)\) denote the submodule of \(M\) generated by strongly nilpotent elements. For an element \(m\) of \(M\) let \(\text{Ann}(m)=\{r\in R:rm=0\}\). The authors prove that if \(R\) is a ring and \(M\) is a cyclic module such that \(M=Rm_1\) for some \(m_1\in M\), then \(\text{Ann}(m_1)\subseteq\text{rad\,}R\) implies that \(\text{rad\,}M=W(M)\). They also show that if \(R\) is an HNP-ring and \(M\) is a finitely generated \(R\)-module such that \(\text{Ann}(m)\subseteq\text{rad\,}R\) for all \(m\in M\), then \(\text{rad\,}M=W(M)\). A module \(M\) is said to satisfy the radical formula if \(\text{rad\,}(M/N)=W(M/N)\), for any submodule \(N\) of \(M\). A proper submodule \(N\) of a module \(M\) is called semiprime if, for any \(r\in R\) and \(m\in M\) such that \(rRrm\subseteq N\), we have \(rm\in N\). The authors finish the paper by showing that if \(M\) satisfies the radical formula, then every semiprime submodule of \(M\) is an intersection of prime submodules of \(M\) and \(W(M/W(M))=\overline 0\).