How violent are fast controls for Schrödinger and plate vibrations? (Q1884722)

Given a time \(T> 0\) and a region \(U\) on a compact Riemannian manifold \(M\), the author considers the best constant, denoted \(C_{T,\Omega}\), in the observation inequality for the Schrödinger evolution group of the Laplacian \(\Delta\) with Dirichlet boundary condition: \[ \forall f\in L^2(M),\quad\| f\|_{L^2(M)}\leq C_{T,\Omega}\| e^{it\Delta} f\|_{L^2((0,T)\times\Omega}). \] The influence of the geometry of \(\Omega\) on the growth of \(C_{T,\Omega}\) as \(T\) tends to \(0\) is investigated. It is proved that \(C_{T,\Omega}\) grows at least like \(\exp(d^2/4T)\), where \(d\) is the largest distance of a point in \(M\) from \(\Omega\), and at most like \(\exp(a_*\ell^2_\Omega/T)\), where \(\ell_\Omega\) is the length generalized geodesic in \(M\) which does not intersect \(\Omega\), and \(a_*\in ]0,\,4[\) is a suitable constant.