A theorem of Nagata and Mukai/Sakai via Fourier-Mukai transform (Q1885591)

Let \(C\) be an irreducible smooth projective curve of genus \(g\) over an algebraically closed field, and \(\mathcal{E}\) a vector bundle on \(C\). The main result of this paper asserts that if \(\chi(\mathcal{E}) > -g\), then \(\mathcal{E}\) contains a sublinebundle of nonnegative degree. This statement has been already proved by \textit{M. Nagata} [Nagoya Math. J. 37, 191--196 (1970; Zbl 0193.21603)] if \(\text{rk}(\mathcal{E})=2\), and by \textit{S. Mukai} and \textit{F. Sakai} in the general case [Manuscr. Math. 52, 251--256 (1985; Zbl 0572.14008)]. The goal of this paper is to show that this result can be obtained by Fourier-Mukai techniques. Namely, the author considers the derived direct image of \(\mathcal{E}\) in the derived category of coherent sheaves on the variety \(\text{Pic}^0(C)\), and proves that this two term complex cannot be concentrated in degree \(1\), so there must be a closed point \(\widehat{x} \in \text{Pic}^0(C)\), such that the associated line bundle \(\mathcal{P}_{\widehat{x}}\) satisfies \(\text{H}^0(\mathcal{E}\otimes \mathcal{P}_{\widehat{x}}) \neq 0\), which amounts to the above claim.