\(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded cocharacters for superalgebras of triangular matrices. (Q1886251)

The paper under review considers graded polynomial identities of algebras over a field of characteristic 0. In recent years it turned out that the algebras of block triangular matrices are quite important in describing the numerical invariants of the T-ideals. Let \(A\) and \(B\) be two PI algebras and let \(M\) be a free \(A\)-\(B\) bimodule, then form the matrices of order two of the type \(R=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} A&M\\ 0&B\end{smallmatrix}\right)\). The algebra \(R\) has a natural 2-grading. The paper under review describes the graded cocharacters and the graded codimensions of \(R\) in terms of the (ordinary) ones of \(A\) and \(B\). The super-exponent of \(R\) is determined as well. As an application of these descriptions, the authors compute explicitly the codimensions and the cocharacters of the upper triangular matrices of order \(n\) viewed as a 2-graded algebra with a particular 2-grading. Furthermore, for the algebra of the \(3\times 3\) upper triangular matrices, the authors describe all possible 2-gradings and in each case they compute the 2-graded cocharacters, codimensions and the corresponding superexponent.