Rank-1 codimension one singularities of positive quadratic differential forms (Q1886303)

The authors study the first-order structural stability at singular points of positive quadratic differential forms on two manifolds. They consider the generic 1-parameter bifurcation of a \(D_{23}\)-singular point. Before the bifurcation, there are two locally stable singular points (one of type \(D_2\) and the other of type \(D_3\)) which collapse at the \(D_{23}\)-singular point when the bifurcation parameter is reached, and afterwards disappear. In local coordinates, such a point appears at the origin of a planar differential equation of the form \[ a(x,y)dy^2+2b(x,y)dxdy+c(x,y)dx^2 \] where \((b^2-ac)(x,y)\geq 0\), the first jet of the map \((a,b,c)\) at the origin is \(T_1(a,b,c)(0,0)=(y,0,-y)\) and \(\frac{\partial^2 b}{\partial x^2}\neq 0\).