Hörmander form and uniqueness for the Cauchy problem (Q1887451)

In this paper, the author gives a new geometric proof of Hörmander's uniqueness theorem for the Cauchy problem for systems of differential equations (possibly with multiple characteristics). More precisely, let \(M\subset{\mathbb R}^n\) be open, and let \(x_0\in M.\) Let \(\varphi\) be a real-valued analytic function such that \(\varphi(x_0)=0\) and \(d\varphi(x_0)\not=0.\) Let \({\mathcal M}\) be a \({\mathcal D}_X\)-module, where \(X\) is a complex neighborhood of \(M,\) and let \(Ch({\mathcal M})\) be the characteristic variety of \({\mathcal M}\) (without counting multiplicity). For a \(f,g\) defined on \(T^*X\) and \((z,\zeta)\) a system of coordinates of \(T^*X,\) write \[ \partial_\zeta f\partial_z g=\sum_{\nu=1}^n\partial_{\zeta_\nu}f \partial_{z_\nu}g,\,\,\,\, \partial^2\varphi\partial_\zeta f\partial_zg=\sum_{\nu,\mu=1}^n\partial^2_{ z_\mu z_\nu}\varphi\partial_{\zeta_\mu}f\partial_{ \zeta_\nu}g. \] Let \({\mathcal B}_M\) be the sheaf of hyperfunctions on \(M.\) One then has the following theorem. Theorem. Assume that \(p=id\varphi(x_0)\in Ch({\mathcal M})\), and let \(f_1,\ldots,f_r\) be generators of the defining ideal of \(Ch({\mathcal M})\) at \(p.\) Suppose that the Hermitian quadratic form (the Hörmander form) \[ \sum_{1\leq j,k\leq r}\Biggl\{{1\over{2i}} (\partial_\zeta f_j\partial_z\bar{f_k}+ \partial_z f_j\partial_\zeta\bar{f_k})(p)+ \partial^2\varphi\partial_\zeta f_j\partial_\zeta\bar{f_k}(p)\Biggr\}\xi^j \bar{\xi^k}, \] has a positive eigenvalue. Then \[ \Gamma_{\{\varphi\geq 0\}}\text{Hom}_{{\mathcal D}_X}( {\mathcal M};{\mathcal B}_M)=0, \] that is, if \(u\) is a hyperfunction solution germ to the system \({\mathcal M}\) at \(x_0\) and \(u=0\) on \(\{\varphi<0\}\), then \(u=0\).