Irreducibility of \(f(u(x),v(y))\) (Q1887593)

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic \(0\). The author produces a family of polynomials \(f(x,y)\), irreducible over \(K\), of positive degree in each variable such that \(f(u(x), v(y))\) remains irreducible over \(K\) for every pair \((u(x), v(y))\) of nonconstant polynomials over \(K\). Such polynomials are called hereditarily irreducible polynomials. The author proves the following results: Let \(a(x)\), \(b(x)\) be polynomials over \(K\) such that \(a(x)\) has at least two simple roots and \((a(x), b(x))= 1\). If \(f(x,y)= a(x)y+ b(x)\), then for all pairs \((u(x), v(y))\) of nonconstant polynomials over \(K\), \(f(u(x), v(y))\) is irreducible over \(K\). Let \(p_1,\dots, p_r\) be distinct primes and \(e_1,\dots, e_r\) be positive integers. Let \(a(x),b_1(x),\dots, b_r(x)\) be polynomials over \(K\) such that \(a(x)\) has at least two simple roots and \(b_i(x)\) has at least two roots with multiplicity not congruent to zero modulo \(p_i\). Suppose that \((a(x), b_i(x))= 1\) for \(i= 1,\dots, r\). Consider the algebraic function \[ \gamma= \Biggl(\sum^r_{i=1} b_i(x)^{1/p^{e_i}_i}\Biggr)/a(x) \] and let \(f(x,y)\) be an irreducible polynomial over \(K\) such that \(f(x,\gamma)= 0\). Then \(\deg_yf= \prod^r_{i=1} p^{e_i}_i\) and \(f\) is hereditarily irreducible. Let \(n\) be a positive integer, \(a(x)\) a polynomial over \(K\) having at least two simple roots in \(\overline K\). Let \(b(x)\) be a polynomial over \(K\) such that for any prime divisor \(p\) of \(n\), \(b(x)\) has at least two distinct roots with multiplicities not congruent to zero modulo \(p\). Suppose that \((a(x), b(x))= 1\). Then the polynomial \(f(x,y)= a^n(x) y^n- b(x)\) is hereditarily irreducible.