On CM Abelian varieties over imaginary quadratic fields (Q1890251)

Let \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-D})\) an imaginary quadratic field with fundamental discriminant \(D\), Hilbert class field \(H\) and class number \(h\). It is well-known that elliptic curves with complex multiplication by \(K\) are defined over \(H\), though they admit a descent (without the CM) to \(\mathbb{Q}(j)\) (where \(j\) is the \(j\)-invariant). Unless \(h=1\), one cannot expect these elliptic curves to be defined over \(K\). Instead of them, one can look for CM abelian varieties over \(K\). These are the object of study of this article. The author introduces the concept of simplest CM abelian variety over \(K\), which is essentially an abelian variety with complex multiplication by \(K\), defined over \(K\) and admitting a descent over \(\mathbb{Q}\), with minimal dimension and analytic conductor. They must have dimension \(h\) and their conductor is explicitly described in terms of \(D\) and the decomposition of 2 in the maximal order of \(K\). It is seen that there exists only one \(K\)-isogeny class of such simplest CM abelian varieties over \(K\) if \(D\) is odd or \(D=4\), and two classes for the remaining fundamental discriminants. A first attempt to build such simplest CM abelian varieties is to consider the scalar restriction to \(K\) of CM elliptic curves over \(H\). It is shown in the paper that when \(D=4\), \(D\) is odd or \(8\mid\mid D\) these are the only possibilities up to \(K\)-isogeny, since they come from the corresponding \textit{canonical} CM elliptic curves over \(H\) introduced by \textit{D. E. Rohrlich} [Am. J. Math. 104, 517--543 (1982; Zbl 0503.12008)]. When \(4\mid\mid D\), such elliptic curves do not exist. The author shows that simplest CM abelian varieties over \(K\) do exist, and of course they are not scalar restriction of elliptic curves. The key role of this work is played by the associated Hecke character of these abelian varieties. Indeed, the results along the paper are essentially described in terms of Hecke characters over \(K\), being especially significant their restriction to principal ideals. Simplest CM abelian varieties over quadratic fields turn to have interest on their own: at the end of the article, the author shows that the vanishing order of their \(L\)-function at the center is dictated by root number of the associated Hecke character.