``Geometric quotients are algebraic schemes'' based on Fogarty's idea (Q1890387)

Let \(S\) be a noetherian scheme, \(f:X\to Y\) a surjective \(S\)-morphism of \(S\)-schemes, with \(X\) of finite type over \(S\). We discuss what makes \(Y\) of finite type. First, we prove that if \(S\) is excellent, \(Y\) is reduced, and \(f\) is universally open, then \(Y\) is of finite type. We apply this to understand \textit{J. Fogarty}'s theorem in [Adv. Math. 48, 166--171 (1983; Zbl 0556.14023)] for the special case that the group scheme \(G\) is flat over the noetherian base scheme \(S\). Namely, we prove that if \(G\) is a flat \(S\)-group scheme of finite type acting on \(X\) and \(f\) is its strict orbit space, then \(Y\) is of finite type. Utilizing the technique used there, we also prove that \(Y\) is of finite type if \(f\) is flat. The same is true if \(S\) is excellent, \(f\) is proper, and \(Y\) is noetherian.