On the set of primes \(p\) which split \(X^ 3+B\) modulo \(p\) (Q1891435)

Let \(f(x)\) be a monic polynomial with integer coefficients that is irreducible over the integers, and let \(\text{Spl} (f(x))\) be the set of all primes \(p\) such that \(f(x)\) splits completely into distinct linear factors modulo \(p\). It is said that \(\text{Spl} (f(x))\) is determined by congruence conditions if there exists a positive integer \(m\) and positive integers \(a_ 1, \dots, a_ s\) lying in distinct congruence classes \(\pmod m\) coprime with \(m\), such that, except for finitely many primes, we have \(p\in \text{Spl} (f(x)) \Leftrightarrow p\equiv a_ 1, \dots, a_ s\pmod m\). From class field theory it is known that the polynomials \(f(x)\) for which \(\text{Spl} (f(x))\) is determined by congruence conditions are precisely the polynomials whose splitting fields over the rational number field \(\mathbb{Q}\) are abelian extensions of \(\mathbb{Q}\). The simplest polynomials whose splitting fields over \(\mathbb{Q}\) are nonabelian extensions of \(\mathbb{Q}\) are the polynomials \(X^ 3+ B\), where the integer \(B\) is not a perfect cube. It is now shown without appeal to class field theory that \(\text{Spl} (X^ 3+ B)\) cannot be described by congruence conditions. It is a corollary of this result that \(\text{Spl} (X^ 3+ Ax+ B)\) cannot be described by congruence conditions if \(A\), \(B\) are integers such that \(X^ 3+ Ax+B\) is irreducible and such that there exists a nonzero integer \(C\) for which \(-4 A^ 3- 27B^ 2=- 3C^ 2\).