Quasitriangularity of quantum groups at roots of 1 (Q1891634)

It is known that the quantum universal enveloping algebras \(U_h {\mathcal G}\) introduced by V. Drinfeld are quasitriangular over \(\mathbb{C} [[h]]\) for any Kac-Moody algebra \({\mathcal G}\). It is also known that the corresponding algebraic quantum universal algebras \(U_q ({\mathcal G})\) introduced by M. Jimbo for generic \(q\) are not quasitriangular if considered over \(\mathbb{C} [q,q^{-1}]\). (For example when \(q\) is a root of 1). We recall that a Hopf algebra \(A\) is called quasitriangular if there exists an element \(R \in A \otimes A\) (or an element from the appropriate completion of \(A \otimes A)\) such that \(\Delta'(a) = R \Delta (a) R^{-1}\), \((\Delta \otimes id) (R) = R_{13} R_{23}\) \((id \otimes \Delta) (R) = R_{13} R_{12}\). Here \(\Delta'(a) = \sigma \circ \Delta (a)\), \(\sigma (a \otimes b) = b \otimes a\), \(R_{12} = R \otimes 1\), \(R_{23} = 1 \otimes R\), \(R_{13} = (\sigma \otimes id),\;(R_{23})\), \(\Delta\) be a comultiplication. The main result of this article is that the algebra \(U_q (sl_2)\) has a more general structure than quasitriangularity that is called braiding. A Hopf algebra \(A\) is called braiding if there exists an automorphism \(R\) of \(A \otimes A\) (or an appropriate completion of \(A \otimes A)\) distinct from \(\sigma\), such that \(\Delta'(a) = R(\Delta (a))\), \((\Delta \otimes id) \circ R = R_{13} \circ R_{23} \circ (\Delta \otimes id)\), \((id \otimes \Delta) (R) = R_{13} R_{12} (id \otimes \Delta)\). Let \(R^{(0)}\) be an exterior automorphism of \(A \otimes A\), and \(R^{(1)}\) an invertible element. The algebra \(U_q (sl_2)\) is a braided algebra in the case when \(q\) is a root of unity with \(R\): \(R(a) = R^{(0)} \circ (R^{(1)} \circ a \circ R^{(1)})\).