On the connection between exponential bases and certain related sequences in \(L^ 2 (-\pi, \pi)\) (Q1891838)

A basis \(\{f_n\}\) in a separable Hilbert space \(H\) is a Riesz basis if for some bounded invertible operator \(T\) on \(H\) the sequence \(\{Tf_n\}\) is an orthogonal basis in \(H\). Riesz bases of complex exponentials \(\{e^{i\lambda_nx}\}\) in \(L^2(-\pi,\pi)\) have been studied intensively. See, for example, \textit{S. V. Khrushchev}, \textit{N. K. Nikol'skij}, and \textit{B. S. Pavlov} [Lect. Notes Math. 864, 214-335 (1981; Zbl 0466.46018)]. The author gives a ``weak'' solution to the following question: Let \(\{e^{i\lambda_nx}\}\) be a Riesz basis in the closure of the space spanned by \(\{e^{i\lambda_nx}\}\). Can the sequence \(\{e^{i\lambda_nx}\}\) be extended to a Riesz basis by adjoining to the original sequence a suitable collection of extra complex exponentials \(e^{i\lambda x}\)? This is the extension problem. Similarly, the author gives a ``weak'' solution to the corresponding reduction problem.