A generalization of Mumford's theorem. II (Q1892744)

[For part I see J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 29, No. 2, 267-272 (1989; Zbl 0718.14006).] Let \(X\) be a reduced, separated algebraic scheme over the complex numbers \(\mathbb{C}\), \(\text{CH}_ k (X)\) the Chow group of algebraic cycles of dimension \(k\) on \(X\) (modulo rational equivalence), and \(A_ k (X) \subset \text{CH}_ k (X)\) the subgroup of cycles algebraically equivalent to zero. \(\text{CH}_ * (X)\) defines a Chow homology theory in the sense of Fulton. In this work, we determine the influence of (Borel-Moore) homology \((H_ * (X, \mathbb{Q})\) on \(\text{CH}_ * (X)\), more specifically on \(A_ * (X)\), as a generalization of Mumford's work on zero-cycles on a projective algebraic surface. As a mixed Hodge structure, and ignoring twists, \(W_{-i} H_ i (X, \mathbb{Q})\) represents the lowest weight on \(H_ i (X, \mathbb{Q})\). There is a filtration by niveau on \(H_ i (X, \mathbb{Q})\) which induces a corresponding filtration \(N.W_{- i} (X, \mathbb{Q})\). One introduces the notion of the level of a Hodge structure. One also defines the notion of level for Chow groups, which is based in part on a niveau analog for Chow groups. As an example, \(A_ k (X)\) is finite-dimensional iff \(\text{Level} (A_ k (X))\leq 1\). Now suppose there is an open embedding \(X\hookrightarrow \overline {X}\), where \(\overline {X}\) is proper and reduced over \(\mathbb{C}\). [For example, this is the case if \(X\) is an integral separated algebraic scheme over \(\mathbb{C}\), or if \(X\) is a (possibly reducible) quasi-projective variety.] - - The following is proven: Theorem. (i) Under the assumption of the hard Lefschetz conjecture for projective algebraic manifolds, \(\text{Level} (N_{k+\ell} W_{-2k +\ell} H_{2k +\ell} (X, \mathbb{Q}))= \ell \Rightarrow \text{Level} (A_ k (X)) \geq \ell\). (ii) Under the assumption of the general Hodge conjecture, \[ \text{Level} \bigl( \bigoplus_{i\geq 0} W_{-i} H_ i (X, \mathbb{Q}) \bigr)\leq \text{Level} \bigl( \bigoplus_{i\geq 0} A_ i (X) \bigr). \] One is naturally led to the following question. For a reduced separated algebraic scheme over \(\mathbb{C}\), is it the case that \[ \text{Level} \bigl( \bigoplus_{i \geq 0} W_{-i} H_ i (X, \mathbb{Q}) \bigr)= \text{Level} \bigl( \bigoplus_{i \geq 0} A_ i (X) \bigr)= \text{Level} \bigl( \bigoplus_{i \geq 0} \text{CH}_ i (X)_ \mathbb{Q} \bigr)? \]