Rank one perturbations with infinitesimal coupling (Q1893837)

The authors consider a positive self-adjoint operator \(A\) and formal rank one perturbations \[ B= A+ \alpha(\varphi, \cdot) \varphi, \] where \(\varphi\in {\mathcal H}_{- 2}(A)\) but \(\varphi\not\in {\mathcal H}_{- 1}(A)\), with \({\mathcal H}_ s(A)\) the usual scale of spaces. They show that \(B\) can be defined for such \(\varphi\) and what are the essentially negative infinitesimal values of \(\alpha\). In some sense, every rank one perturbation is one of three forms: (i) \(\varphi\in {\mathcal H}_{- 1}(A)\), \(\alpha\in \mathbb{R}\); (ii) \(\varphi\in {\mathcal H}_{- 1}\), \(\alpha= \infty\); or (iii) the new type the authors considered here.