On the Kloosterman-sum zeta-function (Q1898243)

The author provides a new proof of the spectral expansion of the Kloosterman-sum zeta function \[ Z_{m,n} (s)= (2\pi \sqrt {mn})^{2s-1} \sum_{\ell=1}^\infty S(m, n; \ell) \ell^{-2s} \qquad (\text{Re } s> 3/4), \] where \(m\), \(n\) are given natural numbers. This expansion, obtained first by \textit{N. V. Kuznetsov} [Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 111, 334-383 (1980; Zbl 0427.10016)], is equivalent to his famous trace formulas. Kuznetsov's arguments depended heavily on difficult identities from the theory of Bessel functions. The author's approach is much simpler. The integral appearing in the formula for the inner product of two Poincaré series is transformed to an expression similar to Barnes' integral representation of the hypergeometric function. Then one is led to the evaluation of \(W(x; 1,s)\), where \[ W(x; s_1, s_2)= {1\over {2\pi i}} \;\int_{(\alpha)} \;{{\Gamma (\eta) \Gamma (\eta+ s_2- s_1)} \over {\Gamma (\eta+ s_2) \Gamma (s_1- \eta)}} \Biggl( {x\over 2} \Biggr)^{-2\eta} d\eta \] \((\text{Re } s_2+ \alpha> \text{Re } s_1> \alpha+ 3/4\), \(\alpha>0)\). This is accomplished by appealing to an elementary identity for \(\Gamma (\eta)/ (\Gamma(1- \eta) (\eta+ s- 1))\), and the inverse Mellin transform for the \(J\)-Bessel function. \{Reviewer's remark: The author has recently extended the argument of the paper under review, so that he is now able to prove the Fourier expansion of the resolvent kernel of a Fuchsian group via real analytic Poincaré series. This new method is conceptually different from the classical Niebur-Fay analysis\}.