Type and cotype with respect to arbitrary orthonormal systems (Q1899369)

Let \(\Phi= (\phi_k)_{k\in \mathbb{N}}\) be an orthonormal system on some \(\sigma\)-finite measure space \((\Omega, p)\). The authors study the notion of cotype with respect to \(\Phi\) for an operator \(T\) between two Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\), defined by \(c_\Phi(T):= \inf c\) such that \[ \Biggl|\sum_k \phi_k Tx_k\Biggr|_{L_2(Y)}\leq c \Biggl|\sum_k g_k x_k\Biggr|_{L_2(X)}\quad\text{for all}\quad (x_k)\subset X, \] where \((g_k)_{k\in \mathbb{N}}\) is the sequence of independent and normalized Gaussian variables. They show that this \(\Phi\)-cotype coincides with the usual notion of cotype 2 iff \(c_\Phi(I_{\ell^n_\infty})\sim \sqrt{n/(\log(n+ 1))}\) uniformly in \(n\) iff there is a positive \(\eta> 0\) such that for all \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) one can find an orthonormal \(\Psi= (\psi_\ell)^n_1\subset \text{span}\{\phi_k\mid k\in \mathbb{N}\}\) and a sequence of disjoint measurable sets \((A_\ell)^n_1\subset \Omega\) with \[ \int_{A_\ell} |\psi_1|^2 dp\geq \eta\qquad\text{for all}\quad \ell= 1,\dots, n. \] A similar result holds for the type situation. The study of type and cotype with respect to orthonormal systems of a given length provides the appropriate approach to this result. The authors intend to give a quite complete picture for orthonormal systems in measure space with few atoms.