Nonhomogeneity of Picard dimensions for negative radial densities (Q1900529)

For \(s\in (0, 1]\) denote by \(U_s=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^m; 0< |x|< s\}\). A density \(P\) on \(U_s\) is a locally Hölder continuous function on the closure of \(U_s\). The author considers the time-independent Schrödinger equation \(L_P u(x)= (- \Delta+ P(x)) u(x)= 0\), \(\Delta\) the Laplacian on \(\mathbb{R}^m\), and is interested in nonnegative solutions of the equation on \(U_s\) which vanish on \(\partial U_s\). Denote by \(P_1(U_s, P)\) the set of all such solutions which satisfy the condition \(l(u)= 1\), where \(l(u)= (- s/\omega_m) \int_\Gamma [(\partial/\partial r) u(r\omega)]_{r= s} d\omega\), where \(\Gamma= \{x; |x|= 1\}\), \(\omega_m\) is the area of \(\Gamma\), \(r= |x|\) and \(\omega= x/|x|\). We call ``Picard dimension'' of \((U_s, P)\) at \(x= 0\) the cardinal number of the set of extremal points of \(P_1(U_s, P)\) and ``Picard dimension'' of \(P\) at \(x= 0\) the limit for \(s\to 0\) of \(\dim(U_s, P)\). The author constructs a radial density \(P\) so that \(\dim P= 0\) but \(\dim(cP)= 1\) for any \(c\in (0, 1)\).