Defect Sauer results (Q1903004)

Some new properties of extremal systems of Sauer's theorem are described. For \(n \geq 4\), \(n \neq 6\), \(({n \choose 2} + n + 2, n) \to (12,4)\) is shown to hold but \((23, 6) \to (12, 4)\) fails with a unique counterexample. If \(r \geq 2\), \(0 < \alpha < 1\) then \((n^r, n) \to ((1 - o(1) n^{\lambda r}, \alpha n)\) where \(\lambda\) depends on \(\alpha\) only. Some random examples are also constructed.