A parabolic Littlewood-Paley inequality with applications to parabolic equations (Q1904452)

The main result of this article is the following. Let \(K\in (0, \infty)\) and \(\psi(x)\) a \(C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) integrable function such that \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \psi dx= 0,\;|\psi|_{L_1(\mathbb{R}^d)}+ ||x|\psi|_{L_1(\mathbb{R}^d)}+ |\nabla \psi|_{L_1(\mathbb{R}^d)}+ |x\cdot \psi|_{L_1(\mathbb{R}^d)}\leq K. \] Define \(\Psi_t g(x)= t^{- d/2} \psi(x/\sqrt t)* g(x)\). Let \(H\) be a separable Hilbert space, \(p\in [2, \infty)\), \(- \infty\leq a< b\leq \infty\) and \(g\in L_p((a, b)\times \mathbb{R}^d, H)\). Then \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \int^b_a \Biggl[ \int^t_a |\Psi_{t- s} g(s, \cdot)(x)|^2_H {ds\over t- s}\Biggr]^{p/2} dt dx\leq N \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \int^b_a|g(t, x)|^p_H dt dx, \] where the constant \(N\) depends only on \(d\), \(p\) and \(K\). The author also gives an extension of this result to parabolic equations with coefficients depending only on \(t\).