The Cauchy problem for Schrödinger type equations (Q1904843)

The authors consider the following Cauchy problem in \((0, T)\times \mathbb{R}^n\) \[ L[u(t, x)]= f(t, x),\;(t, x)\in (0, T)\times \mathbb{R}^n,\;u(0, x)= u_0(x),\;x\in \mathbb{R}^n,\tag{CP} \] where \(L= \partial_t-i \Delta/2+ \sum^n_{j= 1} a_j(t, x) \partial x_j+ b(t, x)\), and the \(a_j\) are complex valued functions. For \(A> 0\) and \(k> 0\), let be \(B_{s, A}\) the space of Gevrey functions of class \(s\) and radius \(A\). The authors prove that if \(a_j\) and \(b\) are in \(C^0([0, T]; B_{s, A})\) and if the imaginary parts of the \(a_j\) are \(o(1/|x|^\sigma)\) when \(|x|\to \infty\) uniformly in \(t\in [0, T]\), then (CP) is \(H^\infty_k\)-well-posed in \([0, T]\), whenever \(\sigma\in (0, 1)\), \(k> 1\), \(k\in (s, 1/(1- \sigma))\). Moreover, if \(a_j\), \(b\in C^0([0, T]; B^\infty)\) and the imaginary parts of the \(a_j\) are \(O(1/|x|^\sigma)\) when \(|x|\to \infty\) uniformly in \(t\in [0, T]\), then (CP) is \(L^2\)-well-posed (resp. \(H^\infty\)-well-posed) if \(\sigma> 1\) (resp. \(\sigma= 1\)). The authors use the techniques of pseudo-differential operators in order to put \(L\) in a suitable way \(L_\Lambda\) to solve (CP). The new operator \(L_\Lambda\) depends on a function \(\Lambda\) that controls the behaviour of the functions \(\text{Im}(a_j)\) for \(j= 1,\dots, n\). The proof is very interesting and elegant.