A criterion for determining the monotonicity of the ratio of two Abelian integrals (Q1906170)

The authors consider the Hamiltonian system on the plane where \(H(x,y) = \Phi (x) + \Psi (x)\) or \(H(x,y) = \Phi (x) + \varphi (x)y^2\). They find a criterion under which the ratio of two Abelian integrals, \(u(h) = I_2 (h)/I_1(h)\), is monotone, where \(I_k (h) = \int_{\Gamma_h} f_k(x) g(y) dx\) \((k = 1,2)\) and \(\Gamma_h\) is the compact component of the level curve \(H(x,y) = h\). This problem is related to the estimation of the number of limit cycles of a perturbed Hamiltonian system on the plane. By using this criterion, several known results are deduced easier, and some new results are obtained.