Solutions of the strong Stieltjes moment problem (Q1907280)

In this paper moment problems are described where one has to find positive measures on \(M\) such that they have prescribed moments \(c_k = \int_M t^ks \mu (t)\), \(k \in K\). For \(M = (- \infty, \infty)\), one gets a Hamburger moment problem and for \(M = [0, \infty)\), one has a Stieltjes moment problem. In the classical case, \(K = \{0,1,2, \dots\), in the strong case, \(K = \{0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \dots\}\). The main interest of the paper lies in strong Stieltjes moment problem, but the tight connection with the strong Hamburger moment problem is also discussed. The analysis of these strong moment problems, which were first introduced by Jones, Njåstad and Thron, involves the use of orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal Laurent polynomials. In the present paper also pseudo-orthogonal Laurent polynomials are introduced and their relation with the quasi-orthogonal ones is explained. Furthermore, as usual, the quadrature formulas, characterized by discrete measures which are obtained by solving truncated moment problems, play a central role. Especially the theory of nested disks in the classical Achieser tradition to answer the uniqueness question and to characterize natural solutions of the strong moment problem is elaborated upon. Also a Nevanlinna parametriation of all solutions is given.