Star-shaped sets in normed spaces (Q1907610)

The authors consider \(d\)-segments, i.e. \([a,b]_d = \{x \in {\mathcal R}^n : |a - x |+ |x - b |= |a - b |\}\) in a Minkowski space \({\mathcal R}^n\) and call \(d\)-convex any subset \(M\) of \({\mathcal R}^n\) such that for every pair of points \(x\) and \(y\) in \(M\), \([x,y]_d\) is contained in \(M\), \(d\)-visible in \(M\) from \(x_0\) if \([x_0, x]_d\) is contained in \(M\), \(d\)-star shaped if a point \(x_0\) exists in \(M\) such that every point of \(M\) is \(d\)-visible from \(x_0\). Also a ray emanating from \(a \in M\) is said to have free direction if a point \(b\) different from \(a\) exists such that \((a,b) \cap M = \emptyset\), otherwise it is said to have non-free direction. A cone of non-free directions denoted by \(\text{nof}_aM\) is the union of all rays emanating from \(a \in M\) with non-free directions. Furthermore \(M\) has internal local \(d\)-conicity property if for every \(a \in M\) the set \(c \ell (\text{conv} (\text{nof}_a M)\) is \(d\)-convex and has external local \(d\)-conicity property if for every \(a \in M\) and for every ray \(\ell\) emanating of free direction there exists an \(\varepsilon > 0\) such that \([a + \lambda v,a + \mu v]_d \cap M = \emptyset\) holds where \(\mu < \lambda < \varepsilon\) is satisfied and \(v\) is a vector directed along \(\ell\). A version of Krasnosel'ski's theorem for \(d\)-convexity is given as follows: A compact both internal and external local \(d\)-conic subset of an \(n\)-dimensional Minkowski space \({\mathcal R}^n\) with Helly dimension is \(d\)-star-shaped iff for every \(h + 1\) points \(x_1, \dots, x_{h + 1} \in M\) there is a point \(y\) from which they are \(d\)-visible in \(M\). In corollary one the necessary and sufficient condition for a compact subset of \(R^n\) to be star-shaped is given. In the second corollary the necessary and sufficient condition for a compact polyhedral region each facet of which has a \(d\)-convex, affine hull is given. In the third corollary it is stated that \(M\) is \(d\)-star-shaped if the following conditions are fulfilled: (a) \(M = \cup^s_{j = 1} M_j\) is compact and has the properties of external and internal local \(d\)-conicity where \(s > h + 1\) with \(h = \text{him} {\mathcal R}^n\) (b) The union of every \(h + 1\) of \(M_1, \dots, M_s\) is \(d\)-star-shaped. Corollary 4 is obtained by replacing \({\mathcal R}^n\) with \(R^n\) and \(d\)-convexity with linear convexity. Two examples are given to demonstrate the notions of internal and external local \(d\)-conicity.