Epimorphisms of separated totally convex spaces (Q1909230)

If one puts \(\Omega : = \{\alpha |\alpha = (\alpha_i |i \in \mathbb{N}), \sum_i |\alpha_i|\leq 1\}\) where all \(\alpha_i\) considered in this context are real or complex numbers, a (real or complex) totally convex space consists of a (non-empty) set \(X\) and a mapping \(\Omega \times X^\mathbb{N} \to X\). If, for \((\alpha,x) \in \Omega \times X^\mathbb{N}\) the value of this mapping is denoted by \(\sum_i \alpha_i x_i\), these operations are required to satisfy the following equations: (TC1) \(\sum_i \delta_{ik} x_i = x_k\), (TC2) \(\sum_i \alpha_i (\sum_k \beta_{ik} x_k) = \sum_k (\sum_i \alpha_i \beta_{ik}) x_k\), \(x_i \in X\), \(i \in \mathbb{N}\), \((\alpha_i |i \in \mathbb{N})\), \((\beta_{ik} |k \in \mathbb{N}) \in \Omega\). Together with the mappings preserving these operations the totally convex spaces form the category of real resp. complex totally convex spaces \({\mathcal T} {\mathcal C}\) [cf. the reviewer and \textit{H. Röhrl}, ``Banach spaces and totally convex spaces. I'', Commun. Algebra 12, 953-1019 (1984; Zbl 0552.46042)]. Putting \(\Omega_{ac} : = \{\alpha |\alpha \in \Omega\) and \(\text{supp} (\alpha)\) finite\}, where, for a mapping \(f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{C}\), \(\text{supp} (f) : = \{i |i \in \mathbb{N}, f(i) \neq 0\}\), one gets in a completely analogous way the category \({\mathcal A} {\mathcal C}\) of absolutely convex spaces over \(\mathbb{R}\), respectively \(\mathbb{C}\). The full subcategory \({\mathcal T} {\mathcal C}_{\text{sep}}\) of \({\mathcal T} {\mathcal C}\), resp. \({\mathcal A} {\mathcal C}_{\text{sep}}\) of \({\mathcal A} {\mathcal C}\), of separated totally, respectively absolutely convex, spaces is generated by the totally, respectively absolutely, convex spaces, which can be embedded in the unit ball \(O(B)\), respectively \(O(V)\) of a (real or complex) Banach or normed vector space, respectively. The author gives a new and very useful characterization of epimorphisms in \({\mathcal T} {\mathcal C}_{\text{sep}}\) and \({\mathcal A} {\mathcal C}_{\text{sep}}\). He shows that an inclusion \(C \hookrightarrow D\) of a subspace in \({\mathcal T} {\mathcal C}_{\text{sep}}\) is an epimorphism iff, for every \(y \in D\) and any \(\varepsilon \in] 0,1[\), there exist \(c \in C\), \(x \in D\) and \(\alpha \in ]0,1[\) with \(\alpha y = \alpha (\varepsilon x) + (1 - \alpha) c\). A completely analogous statement holds in \({\mathcal A} {\mathcal C}_{\text{sep}}\). This condition should be better for applications than the more implicit characterization by the reviewer and \textit{H. Röhrl} [``Separated totally convex spaces'', Manuscr. Math. 50, 145-183 (1985; Zbl 0594.46064)]. The author uses this result to prove a characterization of epimorphisms for preseparated absolutely convex spaces.