Average distribution of supersingular Drinfeld modules (Q1912278)

Let \(\mathbb{F}_q\) be the finite field with \(q\) elements where \(q= p^m\), \(p\) prime. Let \({\mathbf A}:= \mathbb{F}_q [T]\) and \({\mathbf k}:= \mathbb{F}_q (T)\). Let \(\varphi:= \varphi (a, b)\) be the rank two Drinfeld module defined by \(\varphi_T (\tau)= T\tau^0+ a\tau+ b\tau^2\), where \(\{a, b\} \subset {\mathbf A}\) and \(b\neq 0\). Let \(\pi (a, b, j)\) be the number of monic primes \(f\) of degree \(j\) such that \(\varphi (a, b)\) has good, supersingular reduction at \(f\). Suppose now that \(\varphi\) has complex multiplication by an order in a ``quadratic imaginary extension \(L\) of \({\mathbf k}\)''. If \(L/{\mathbf k}\) is a geometric extension (no constant field extensions), then we have \(\pi (a, b, j)\sim {1\over 2} {q^j \over j}\) (where \(f(x) \sim g(x)\) means that \(f(j)= g(j)+ E(j)\) and \(\lim_{j\to \infty} {{E(j)} \over {g(j)}} =0\)). If \(L/{\mathbf k}\) contains a quadratic constant field extension, then \(\pi (a, b,j)\sim {q^j \over j}\) for \(j\) odd, and \(\pi (a, b, j)=0\) for \(j\) even. Suppose now that \(\varphi (a, b)\) does not have complex multiplication. Then the analog of the Lang-Trotter conjecture applied to Drinfeld modules leads to the expectation that \[ \pi (a, b, j)\sim C_\varphi {\textstyle{q^{j/2} \over j}} \] for some constant \(C_\varphi\). The author establishes that this is true ``on average''. In particular, the following result is shown. Theorem: Let \(A\) and \(B\) be positive integers which are \(\geq j\). Then, as \(j\to \infty\), we have \[ {1\over {q^{A+1} q^{B+1}}} \sum_{\substack{ \deg a\leq A\\ \deg b\leq B}} \pi (a, b, j) \sim C(j, q) {q^{j/2} \over j} \quad \text{ where } \quad C(j, q)= \begin{cases} {q\over {(q+1) (q-1)}} &\text{ if \(j\) is even}\\ {q^{1/2} \over {(q-1)}} &\text{ if \(j\) is odd} \end{cases}. \] Since we are summing over Drinfeld modules and not isomorphism classes, the above result may count a given Drinfeld module more than once. The author also presents a version of the theorem that counts only isomorphism classes.