Bounds for the greatest characteristic root of a nonnegative matrix (Q1913651)

A nonnegative matrix of order \(n\) is considered for which two bounds are improved and generalized, namely: \[ \min_i r_i\leq r\leq \max_i r_i \tag{1} \] and \[ \min_i \Biggl( {1\over r_i} \sum^n_{t=1} a_{it} r_t \Biggr)\leq r \leq \max_i \Biggl( {1\over r_i} \sum^n_{t=1} a_{it} r_t \Biggr), \tag{2} \] where \(r_i\), \(i= 1, 2, \dots, n\), are the row sums.to \(A\).