Hereditary torsion classes of \(S\)-systems (Q1914077)

Let \(S\) be a monoid and let \(K\) be the category of all unitary and centered \(S\)-systems. An ordered pair \(({\mathcal T},{\mathcal F})\), \({\mathcal T},{\mathcal F}\subseteq K\), of classes is called a torsion theory of \(S\) if 1) \(\text{Hom}_S(T,F)=0\) for all \(T\in{\mathcal T}\), \(F\in{\mathcal F}\); 2) If \(\text{Hom}_S(M,F)=0\) for every \(F\in{\mathcal F}\) then \(M\in{\mathcal T}\); 3) If \(\text{Hom}_S(T,N)=0\) for every \(T\in{\mathcal T}\) then \(N\in{\mathcal F}\). \(\mathcal T\) is called the torsion class and \(\mathcal F\) the torsion free class of \(({\mathcal T},{\mathcal F})\). A torsion theory \(({\mathcal T},{\mathcal F})\) is generated by a class \(\mathcal C\) if \({\mathcal F}=\{F\mid\text{Hom}_S(C,F)=0\;\forall C\in{\mathcal C}\}\) and \({\mathcal T}=\{T\mid\text{Hom}_S(T,F)=0\;\forall F\in{\mathcal F}\}\). A torsion theory \(({\mathcal T},{\mathcal F})\) is called hereditary if \(\mathcal T\) is closed under subsystems. In the article, torsion classes generated by certain classes of \(S\)-systems as well as torsion free classes are described. For example, the author has the following Theorem. Let \(E\) be an injective \(S\)-system and \(({\mathcal T},{\mathcal F})\) the hereditary torsion theory generated by \(E\). Then \(M\in{\mathcal F}\) if and only if \(M\) can be embedded into the direct product of some copies of \(E\). Additionally, a number of results from the torsion theory of semigroups are generalized and extended.