An equation \(\dot z=z^ 2+p(t)\) with no \(2\pi\)-periodic solutions (Q1914932)

The problem of the existence of \(2 \pi\)-periodic solutions of the planar non-autonomous equation (1) \(\dot z = z^2 + \text{Re}^{it}\) (written in the complex-number notation), where \(R\) is a real-valued parameter, is considered. The main result is based on the following conjecture: the sequence \[ a_1 = 1,\;a_n = {1 \over n} \sum^{n - 1}_{k = 1} a_k a_{n - k} \] satisfies \(a^2_n < a_{n - 1} a_{n + 1}\) for every \(n > 1\). If the conjecture is true then (1) has no \(2 \pi\)-periodic solution for some \(R \in [1,2]\) (that \(R\) is equal to \(1.445796 \dots)\). The proof of this assertion is based on a Fourier series argument.