Robinson's theorem on asymmetric diophantine approximation (Q1915764)

The paper deals with the asymmetric approximation of irrational numbers. In 1945 \textit{B. Segre} [Duke Math. J. 12, 337--365 (1945; Zbl 0060.11807)] proved that for any irrational number \(\alpha\) and a real number \(\tau\) satisfying \(\tau\leq 1\) we have for infinitely many pairs \(p\), \(q\), where \(p\) is an integer and \(q\) is a natural number, \(-1/ ((1+ 4\tau )^{1/2} q^2)< \alpha- p/q< \tau/(( 1+ 4\tau)^{1/2} q^2)\). The theorem of R. M. Robinson mentioned in the title states that for any irrational \(\alpha\) and an arbitrarily small positive \(\varepsilon\) there are infinitely many pairs \(p\), \(q\), such that \(-1/(( \sqrt {5}- \varepsilon) q^2)< \alpha- p/q< 1/((1+ \sqrt {5} )q^2)\). The author gives a more precise form of Robinson's result. The main result of the paper is the following Theorem 2. For an irrational \(\alpha\) we have infinitely many times \(-1/( A(K) q^2)< \alpha- p/q< 1/(B(K) q^2)\), where \(K\) is a natural number and \(A(K)= \sqrt {5}- 2\sqrt {5}/ (((3+ \sqrt {5})/ 2)^{2K+1}+ 1)\), and \(B(K)=1+ \sqrt {5}+ \sqrt {5}/ (((3+ \sqrt {5} )/2)^{4K+ 2}-1)\). The proof is based on the theory of the regular continued fractions.