Logarithmic growth of the \(L^ 1\)-norm of the majorant of partial sums of an orthogonal series (Q1916616)

Let \(\{\phi_k\}_{k\geq1}\) be an orthonormal system (o.n.s.) of functions on some measure space. For the orthogonal expansion \(f(x)\sim\sum_k c_k\phi_k(x)\), consider the majorants \[ S^*_N f(x)=\max_{n<N} \Biggl|\sum^n_{k=1} c_k\phi_k(x)\Biggr|\quad\text{and}\quad S^*f(x)=\sup_N S^*_Nf(x). \] A well-known result of \textit{A. M. Olevskij} [``Fourier series with respect to general orthogonal systems'' (1975; Zbl 0321.42010)] implies that for uniformly bounded systems \(\{\phi_k\}\) we have \(|S^*_Nf|_{L^1}\geq C\log N\) with \(f=\sum^N_{k=1}\phi_k\) and \(\sup_y|S^*_N f_y|_{L^1}\geq C\log N\) with \(f_y=\sum^N_{k=1} \phi_k(y)\phi_k\). The main results assert that these inequalities remain valid in a more general situation. Namely, in the case of discrete o.n.s. they can be viewed as assertions concerning the properties of orthogonal matrices. A multidimensional analog is also established. The final result is a finite-dimensional quantitative analog of the Olevskij theorem, which states that for each complete o.n.s. in \(L^2(0,1)\) with \(\phi_k\in L^\infty(0,1)\), \(k=1,2,\dots\), there exists a function \(f\in L^1\) such that \(S^*f\not\in L^1\).