Some upper bounds of partial sums of a trigonometric series cannot be sharpened via lower bounds (Q1916641)

The aim of this paper is the following: Theorem. Let \(n\in\mathbb{N}= \{1,2,\dots\}\) and \(\varphi:\{0,\dots,n\}\to[0,\infty)\) an arbitrary nondecreasing and finite sequence. If \(a_0=\gamma\geq 0\), \(\alpha\in(0, 1)\) is the unique root of the equation \(\int^{3\pi 2^{-1}}_0 t^{-\alpha}\cos t dt= 0\) and \[ a_k= 8^{-1}k^{-\alpha}\Biggl(2\gamma+ \sum^{k}_{j=1} (\varphi(j)- \varphi(j-1))j^{\alpha-1}\Biggr)+ 4^{-1}(\varphi(k)- \varphi(k-1)) \] for every \(k\in\{1,\dots,n\}\), then: \[ \sum^{m}_{k=0} a_k\cos(kx)\geq -\varphi(m),\quad\text{for all }x\in\mathbb{R}\text{ and }m\in\{1,\dots,n\};\tag{I} \] \[ \sum^{m}_{k=1} a_k\geq m^{-1}\sum^{m}_{k=1} ka_k\geq 2^{-3}\gamma m^{1-\alpha}+ 2^{-7}\Biggl(\varphi(m)+ m^{1-\alpha}\sum^{m- 1}_{j=1} j^{\alpha-2}\varphi(j)\Biggr),\tag{II} \] where \(m\in\{1,\dots,n\}\).