A KAM theorem of degenerate infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems. I (Q1918998)

This paper explores some infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems which arise from nonlinear wave equations and other related partial differential equations. In earlier papers, the authors proved a version of the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theorem with nondegeneracy conditions for frequency with respect to parameters. In this paper, the authors study the degenerate case and prove a similar KAM theorem, but with weaker nondegeneracy conditions. Applications of their results include establishing existence of quasiperiodic solutions to one-dimensional Schrödinger equations and nonlinear wave equations. The authors consider the infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian \[ \widetilde {H}= \sum_{1\leq j\leq n} \omega_j (\xi) y_j+ {\textstyle {1\over 2}} \sum_{j\geq 1} \Omega_j (\xi) (u^2_j+ v^2_j) \] on the phase space \((x, y, u, v)\in \Gamma^{a, p}= \mathbb{T}^n\times \mathbb{R}^n\times {\mathcal L}^{a, p}\times {\mathcal L}^{a, p}\) where \(\mathbb{T}^n\) is the \(n\)-torus, \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean space, and \({\mathcal L}^{a, p}\) is the Hilbert space of all complex sequences \(u= (u_1, u_2, \dots)\) with norm \(|u|^2_{a, p}= \sum_{j\geq 1} |u_j |^2 j^{2p} e^{2aj}< \infty\) and with \(a>0\), \(p>0\). The parameter \(\xi\) is confined to a bounded, connected, and closed subset of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). The Hamiltonian system associated with \(\widetilde {H}\) has an invariant torus for each parameter \(\xi\) with frequency \(\omega (\xi)= (\omega_1 (\xi), \omega_2 (\xi), \dots, \omega_n (\xi))\). If \(\widetilde {H}\) is perturbed by a small perturbation \(P\), a new Hamiltonian \(H= \widetilde {H}+ P\) arises. The main problem is then to determine under what conditions the perturbed system keeps many invariant tori.