Sobolev spaces on Lipschitz curves (Q1919915)

We study Sobolev spaces on a Lipschitz graph \(\Gamma\) by means of a square function involving a geometric second difference. Given a function on the Sobolev space \(W^{1, p}(\Gamma)\) we show that the geometric square function is also in \(L^p(\Gamma)\). This is done using a mean oscillation characterization of the Sobolev spaces in \(\mathbb{R}\) due to J. Dorronsoro, and some Carleson type estimates. For \(p= 2\) we prove a dyadic analogue of this result and a partial converse. To do this, we construct a regular dyadic grid and a Haar basis adjusted to the geometry of the problem, as it was done for the study of Cauchy integrals on Lipschitz curves in the work of Coifman, Jones and Semmes. The problem then reduces to understand the boundedness of an operator, which formally is the inverse of the identity minus an appropriate dyadic paraproduct. The boundedness of this operator depends on the boundedness of a weighted maximal operator, which is bounded provided certain weight satisfies a reverse Hölder condition on the grid. The weight is explicitly computed and satisfies the necessary condition.