Laguerre-Sobolev orthogonal polynomials (Q1919955)

The authors consider the polynomials \(Q_n^{(\alpha)} (x)\) \((n= 0, 1, \dots)\) which are orthogonal with respect to the inner product \[ (f, g)_S= \int_0^{+\infty} f(x) g(x) x^\alpha e^{-x} dx+ \lambda \int_0^{+\infty} f' (x) g' (x) x^\alpha e^{-x} dx, \tag \(*\) \] and satisfy the relations \[ (Q_n^{(\alpha)}, x^m)_S= 0, \qquad m=0, 1, \dots, n-1. \tag \(**\) \] Here one supposes \(\alpha> -1\), \(\lambda\geq 0\) and \(Q_0^{\alpha} (x)=1\). The case \(\lambda =0\) gives the classical Laguerre polynomials \(L_n ^{(\alpha)} (x)\). Their aim consists of deriving several relations which are satisfied by these polynomials themselves or connect these polynomials to the classical Laguerre polynomials (four-term recurrence relation, difference-differential relation, Christoffel-Darboux-type relation, Rodrigues-type relation, etc). The zeros of the polynomials \(Q_n^{(\alpha)} (x)\) and their localizations with respect to the zeros of the Laguerre polynomials are also studied. The paper involves 22 Lemmas, theorems, propositions and corollaries, and indicates some open problems.