Least energy solutions of semilinear Neumann problems and asymptotics (Q1922921)

In a smooth bounded 4-dimensional domain \(\Omega\), it is considered the semilinear eigenvalue problem \[ \Delta w-\lambda w+w^3=0,\quad w>0,\quad \partial w/\partial\nu+ tH(x)w= 0\quad\text{on }\partial\Omega, \] where \(\nu\) is the unit outer normal to \(\partial\Omega\), \(t>0\) is a parameter, and \(H(x)\) is the mean curvature of \(\partial\Omega\). It is proved that: (i) If \(0\leq t<1\), or if \(t>1\) and \(\min_{\partial\Omega}H(x)<0\), then there exists a least energy solution \(w_\lambda\) for all \(\lambda\) large enough. Let \(P_\lambda\in\overline\Omega\) be the maximum point of \(w_\lambda\), \(P_0\in\overline\Omega\), and \(P_\lambda \to P_0\) as \(\lambda\to\infty\). Then \(P_0\in\partial \Omega\), \(H(P_0)=\max_{\partial\Omega}H(x)\) if \(0\leq t<1\), and \(H(P_0)=\min_{\partial\Omega}H(x)\) if \(t>1\). Moreover, an asymptotic formula for \(|w_\lambda|_{L^\infty}\) is found. (ii) If \(t>1\) and \(\min_{\partial\Omega}H(x)\geq 0\), or if \(t=1\), then there is no least energy solution for large \(\lambda\).